#P7776. Characteristic Polynomial
Characteristic Polynomial
Characteristic Polynomial
Given an integer n and an n × n matrix A, compute the characteristic polynomial of A under modulo \(998244353\). The characteristic polynomial is defined as:
\[ \chi_A(x)=\det(xI-A)=x^n+c_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots+c_0 \]
Output the coefficients of \(\chi_A(x)\) in order of descending powers of \(x\). Note that \(c_{n-1}, \ldots, c_0\) should be computed modulo 998244353.
inputFormat
The first line contains an integer n ( 1 ≤ n ≤ 300).
The following n lines each contain n space-separated integers representing the matrix A. All entries are given modulo 998244353.
outputFormat
Output a single line containing n+1 space-separated integers. These represent the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial \(\chi_A(x)=x^n+c_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots+c_0\) in descending order starting with the coefficient of \(x^n\), which is always 1.
sample
1
5
1 998244348