#P11173. Nilpotent Matrix Power Sum
Nilpotent Matrix Power Sum
Nilpotent Matrix Power Sum
Given an \(n \times n\) matrix \(A\), define \(f(A)\) as the smallest positive integer \(b\) satisfying
\[
A^b = O,
\]
where \(O\) is the zero matrix (i.e. every element is 0). If no such \(b\) exists, we define \(f(A)=0\).
You are also given an integer \(a\). Consider all \(n \times n\) matrices whose entries are integers in the range \([0,a)\). There are exactly \(a^{n^2}\) such matrices. Your task is to compute the sum
\[
S = \sum_{A} f(A)
\]
over all possible matrices \(A\), and output \(S \bmod 202407031\).
Note: For each matrix \(A\), if there exists a positive integer \(b \le n\) such that \(A^b = O\), then \(f(A)\) is defined as the least such \(b\); otherwise, \(f(A)=0\>.
inputFormat
The input consists of a single line containing two integers \(n\) and \(a\), where \(n\) is the dimension of the matrix and \(a\) defines the range \([0, a)\) of each matrix element.
For example:
2 2
outputFormat
Output a single integer: the sum of \(f(A)\) over all possible \(n \times n\) matrices with entries in \([0,a)\), modulo 202407031.
For example, if the input is:
1 2
then the output should be:
1
sample
1 2
1