#K78012. Minimum Toggles for Uniform Bulbs
Minimum Toggles for Uniform Bulbs
Minimum Toggles for Uniform Bulbs
You are given T test cases. In each test case, you are given an integer N representing the number of bulbs and a string S of length N, where each character is either 0
(off) or 1
(on). Your task is to determine the minimum number of toggles required to make all bulbs uniform (i.e. all on or all off).
A single toggle operation can flip a contiguous block of bulbs. An optimal strategy is achieved by counting the number of transitions between 0
and 1
in the string. Let the number of such transitions be transitions. The minimum toggles required is then given by the formula:
\( \left\lceil \frac{\text{transitions}}{2} \right\rceil \)
For example, for the string 001100
, there is 1 toggle needed while for 1010
there are 2 toggles required.
inputFormat
The first line contains a single integer T indicating the number of test cases. For each test case, the first line contains an integer N (the number of bulbs). The next line contains a binary string S of length N indicating the state of each bulb.
outputFormat
For each test case, output a single line containing the minimum number of toggles required to make all bulbs uniform.
## sample3
6
001100
4
1010
5
11111
1
2
0
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