Count Words in a String

This problem requires you to write a program that counts the number of words in a given string. A word is defined as a sequence of non-space characters delimited by one or more spaces. In other words, if you split the string by spaces, the number of resulting non-empty tokens is the answer.

You can express the process mathematically as: $$words = \text{split}(s)$$ where each word is a maximal sequence of characters not containing any white-space.

Be careful to handle cases with extra spaces, leading or trailing spaces, and even empty strings.

inputFormat

The input consists of a single line containing a string s. The string may include spaces, punctuation, or be empty. You should read the entire line from standard input.

outputFormat

Output a single integer representing the number of words in the input string. Print the result to standard output.

Hello, World!

2