White Cells

There are H rows and W columns of white square cells.

You will choose h of the rows and w of the columns, and paint all of the cells contained in those rows or columns.

How many white cells will remain?

It can be proved that this count does not depend on what rows and columns are chosen.

Constraints

• All values in input are integers.
• 1 \leq H, W \leq 20
• 1 \leq h \leq H
• 1 \leq w \leq W

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

H W h w

Output

Print the number of white cells that will remain.

Examples

Input

3 2 2 1

Output

1

Input

5 5 2 3

Output

6

Input

2 4 2 4

Output

0

inputFormat

input are integers.

• 1 \leq H, W \leq 20
• 1 \leq h \leq H
• 1 \leq w \leq W

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

H W h w

outputFormat

Output

Print the number of white cells that will remain.

Examples

Input

3 2 2 1

Output

1

Input

5 5 2 3

Output

6

Input

2 4 2 4

Output

0

样例

2 4
2 4

0