Banking System Simulator

This problem requires you to simulate a basic banking system for a single customer. The system supports a number of operations including deposit, withdraw, check_balance, transfer, apply_interest, calculate_loan_emi, and view_transaction_history. For the calculate_loan_emi operation, the EMI is computed using the formula: $$ EMI = P \times \frac{r_{monthly}(1+r_{monthly})^{n_{months}}}{(1+r_{monthly})^{n_{months}} - 1} $$ where \(P\) is the loan amount, \(r_{monthly}\) is the monthly interest rate (i.e. annual rate divided by 12 and 100) and \(n_{months}\) is the total number of months. Negative amounts for deposit or withdrawal should be rejected with the appropriate error. The operations are processed sequentially and some operations may result in an immediate output (for example, calculating EMI or viewing the transaction history).

inputFormat

The input consists of two lines read from stdin:

1. The first line contains a floating point number representing the initial balance.
2. The second line is a JSON array representing a list of operations. Each operation is a JSON object that includes an operation field and additional fields as required:
   • deposit: requires an amount field (float).
   • withdraw: requires an amount field (float).
   • check_balance: no extra fields.
   • transfer: requires an amount field (float).
   • apply_interest: no extra fields (applies a fixed annual interest rate of 3%).
   • calculate_loan_emi: requires amount, annual_rate, and tenure_years fields.
   • view_transaction_history: returns the history of previous deposit, withdraw, or transfer operations.

outputFormat

The output is written to stdout and can either be a JSON object or an error string. For most operations, the JSON object includes final_balance and transaction_history fields. For the calculate_loan_emi operation, the JSON object includes an emi field. Errors are output as plain strings.## sample

100
[{"operation": "deposit", "amount": 50}]

{"final_balance":150,"transaction_history":[{"operation":"deposit","amount":50}]}